http://unisep.lib.unishams.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/593 2026-04-22T22:10:39Z http://unisep.lib.unishams.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/32038 The Legitimacy of Establishing Zakat Institutions and Balancing their Operations between Interests and Harms Dr. Mohamed Shafei Moftah Bosheya; Dr. Shaaban Abdelhameed Refae Mohamad; Masyitah Binti Mohd Zainon; Dr. Asma Salmeen Aleryani Since the beginning of the Islamic era, there have been mechanisms for collecting Zakat from its owners and distributing it to those who are eligible. Throughout the long history of the Islamic nation, Diwans (departments) or institutions were established for this purpose. In the present era, there is hardly any Islamic or Arab country without an institution that manages Zakat affairs, including collection, organization, arrangement, and distribution. In order to achieve the wisdom behind the legislation of Zakat and the objectives for which it was ordained, Zakat institutions should operate in accordance with the legal, administrative, and Sharia regulations. They should adhere to the teachings of Sharia and consider the realized objectives of Sharia, which serve the interests and prevent harm, while balancing the various interests. This is done in order to safeguard the Zakat funds and protect the rights of both the giver and the deserving recipients. This research aims to define Zakat institutions, examine their legitimacy, and clarify the principles they should follow in their operations, which involve promoting benefits and preventing harm, prioritizing the more important over the less important interests, in order to achieve the wisdom of Zakat legislation and attain the positive outcomes that result from it. The research aims to clarify the jurisprudential perspective on the functioning of Zakat institutions, and to demonstrate methods of balancing interests within their operations. The research adopted a descriptive and analytical approach, relying on its evidences from Islamic sources, and establishing connections between classical and contemporary jurisprudential perspective. The research concluded with several important findings, including that establishing Zakat institutions aligns with the objectives of Islamic Sharia, and serves legitimate interests of the community. It also highlighted that the mechanisms of Zakat institutions should adhere to the principles and teachings of Sharia, and emphasized the necessity of collaboration between Zakat institutions and other relevant entities within the state for mutual benefit. The research further emphasized that the operational mechanisms of Zakat institutions should prioritize benefits and prevent harm for the public, while considering a gradual and organized approach to pursuing those benefits. 2023-11-15T00:00:00Z http://unisep.lib.unishams.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/32037 Karl Marx's Materialistic Interpretation of Ethics A Critical Analytical Study Dr. Aml Abelonian Abdelftah Bisuony; Dr. Mohamed Shafei Moftah Bosheya; Dr. Shaaban Abdelhameed Refae Mohamad In Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, there was an intellectual renaissance, led by a group of philosophers, scientists, and literary figures. Its influence continued into the nineteenth century, and Marxism emerged as a prominent modern materialistic ideology. Marx's views on ethics, both in general and as its leader, require examination, particularly his materialistic, dialectical, and historical interpretation. He subjected ethics to the economic materialist factor, which he considered the basis of all existence. The research adopted an integrated methodological approach, incorporating historical, analytical, critical, and comparative analysis, by studying the founder of the ideology, Karl Marx, his partner, and the time period in which they lived, as well as their influences on its events. The study also analyzed the ideology's foundations, namely dialectical materialism and historical materialism, including their concepts, laws, and principles. These concepts and principles form the basis of Marx's general ideology, particularly in the field of ethics, where he interpreted them materialistically, concluding that values are relative and there are no absolute values. The comparative and critical aspect was through comparing the Marxist interpretation of ethics with the Islamic interpretation. The research concluded several results, including that Marx's interpretation of ethics was purely materialistic, ending with the absence of absolute moral values; due to their formation based on the development and change of the economic factor with its productive means and relations. On the other hand, the critical position was presented from an Islamic perspective of ethics, which rejected the relativity of ethics and their constant change without a regulator for their movement, and the necessity of having a constant standard for ethics that unites all concepts, values, and ethics. Islamic ethics have their source in Allah, while desire and moral control have their source elsewhere. The research recommends the necessity of adhering to ethics from an Islamic perspective and not being deceived by Marxist ideas related to ethics, given their explicit contradiction with Islam. 2023-11-04T00:00:00Z http://unisep.lib.unishams.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/32025 Prohibition and its Indications through the Sayings of Ethical Hadiths Dr. Mohamed Shafei Moftah Bosheya; Dr. Shaaban Abdelhameed Refae Mohamad; Dr. Aml Abdelmoneam Abdelftah Bisuony Prohibition is a linguistic form that has multiple meanings and indications, used by scholars of Sharia and Prophetic Sunnah. The chapters of ethical teachings in the Sunnah are filled with a variety of noble Hadiths, which include some with clear explanations of the reason behind the prohibition in response to a question, while others simply state the prohibition without elaboration. The scholars and commentators of the Sunnah deduced rulings and implications from these general prohibitions. The purpose of this research is to clarify the concept of prohibition and its implications according to Sharia scholars, and to examine a set of underlying reasons mentioned in Prophetic Hadiths related to Islamic ethics, and to addressed a set of prohibitions mentioned in Prophetic Hadiths related to Islamic ethics, what those prohibitions signify and to demonstrate the impact of understanding these prohibitions on comprehending the noble Prophetic text. "The problem with research lies in the fact that many researchers do not focus on the implications of the prohibitions mentioned in the hadiths related to ethics. It is clear that understanding these implications is one of the things that help in comprehending the noble text and benefiting from it in our contemporary reality. The importance of the research lies in identifying the reason for the prohibitions mentioned in those hadiths and the fields that these prohibitions addressed. The research relied on the inductive method in collecting the vocabulary of the topic by referring to the books of the Sunnah and the most famous books of the imams and scholars who dealt with these issues. It also relied on the descriptive-analytical method in analyzing the texts, demonstrating the overall relationships between them, and extracting the regulations and rules to control this issue, and highlighting its features." The study has reached several important results, including that the chapters of the Islamic ethics mentioned in the books of the Prophet's Sunnah are filled with many prohibitions that carry implications that deepen the issue of Islamic ethics in the Muslim's psyche and add new dimensions to it. These prohibitions encompassed all human relationships, beginning with the relationship between humans and their Lord, and ending with their relationship with the universe in which they live. The implications of these prohibitions, prevent humans from harming themselves or others. The study recommends the necessity of conducting an inductive study of all these texts, not limited to the explicit prohibitions but extending to the many forms prevalent in our Arabic language. 2023-10-28T00:00:00Z http://unisep.lib.unishams.edu.my/xmlui/handle/123456789/28436 المالُ المشتركُ بين الزوجين والمطالبةُ به بين الفقهِ والفتوى والقضاء ماليزيا نموذجًا Mohamed Shafei Moftah Bosheya, Dr. كفل الإسلاُم للحياةِ الزوجيِة حمايةً ورعايةًكبيرةً، وأحاطها بكث ٍير من الاهتمام لأجِل الحفاظ عليها، وجعل من أه َّم أهدافها المودةَ والرحمَة اللتين تبعثان على الاطمئنان والتعاون المثمِر بين الزوجين، بحيث يساعد كل منهما الآخر في الكسب ومصادر الرزق، فإذا اكتسب الزوجان مًعا مالا ، وكان لكليهما يد في الحصول عليه ثم انقطعت بينهما الصلة الزوجية سعى كل منهما إلى مطالبة الآخر بنصيبه من هذا المال المشترك بعيًدا عن مستحقاته الشرعية المنصوص عليها كالإرث والنفقة، فما تعريف هذا المال؟ وهل له وجود في الفقه الإسلامي القديم؟ وما مدى شرعية المطالبة بهذا المال من قِبل أحد الزوجين أو ورثتهما في هذه الحالات؟، وإلى أي مدى تتحقق المصلحةُ أو تندفع المفسدةُ بحصوله على ما يطالب به؟، وما موقف القضاء الماليزي ونصوصه القانونية من ذلك؟، وما موقف إدرات الفتوى الرسمية من هذه القضية؟، وما الأدلة الشرعية التي يستند عليها هؤلاء في الحكم بالاستحقاق أو الفتوى به، أو بعدمه؟. وهل هناك دول أخرى تعتمد هذا النظام غير ماليزيا؟. دار هذا البحث حول هذه القضية المعاصرة متناوًلا إياها في ضوء قوانين ثلاث دول هي ماليزيا، والمغرب، وتونس باعتبار الأخيرتين تقران هذا المبدأ وتعملان بهذا النظام، ووفق ثلاث اتجاهات في المجتمع الماليزي باعتبارها نموذج البحث هي:الفقه، والفتوى، والقضاء، وقد سلك البحث منهج وصفيًا قام على الاستدلال للناحية الفقهية، والتحليل لموقف القانون الماليزي، مع الرجوع إلى المصادر والمراجع المعتمدة في كل فن، والالتزام بالضوابط العلمية والفنية المعتمدة في البحث العلمي 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z