Forensic Discrimination of Lipstick Smears Using Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared (Atr-Ftir) Spectroscopy With Chemometrics Techniques

Abstract

Lipstick smear is one of the trace evidence that may transfer due to contact between suspect, victim and crime scene. The main objective of this study was to discriminate and classify 12 red lipstick samples of local and international brands using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics techniques of principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The result obtained from hierarchical cluster analysis is in conformance with principle component analysis. The application of chemometrics techniques had successfully separated and discriminated the red lipstick samples into six distinctive clusters according to their brands.